Declarations in support of OA

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This list is part of the Open Access Directory.


  • This is a list of declarations, principles, and public statements in support of open access. It's not designed for statements limited to the positions of individual organizations.
  • When possible, please include the date and sponsoring organization(s) or author(s).
  • Chronological.

1964

  • June 1964. The Declaration of Helsinki. From the World Medical Association (WMA) for changes in medical research that involve human subjects, in which patients who participate in a medical study "are entitled to be informed about the outcome of the study and to share any benefits that result from it."
    • Also see the new version of the Declaration of Helsinki (below, November 2008).

1991

1996

  • February 28, 1996. The Bermuda Principles. From the participants at the International Strategy Meeting on Human Genome Sequencing. The principles assert that "all human genomic sequence information, generated by centres funded for large-scale human sequencing, should be freely available and in the public domain". The U.S. National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) adopted the Bermuda principles as policy for all US-funded research on April 9, 1996.
    • Also see the Fort Lauderdale Statement (below, January 2003) and Amsterdam Principles (below, July 2009), reaffirming and extending the Bermuda Principles.

2000

2001

2002

2003

  • January 15, 2003. The Fort Lauderdale Statement. Reaffirming and extending the Bermuda Principles from February 1996 (above). From the participants in a meeting sponsored by the Wellcome Trust (Fort Lauderdale, Florida, January 14–15, 2003.)

2004

2005

2006

  • October 27, 2006. The Declaration of Mexico, recommending open access policies to Latin American universities and governments. From participants in a Mexico City conference.

2007

2008

2009

  • May 2, 2009. The Student Statement on The Right to Research. From the American Medical Student Association, Student PIRGs, Students for Free Culture, Universities Allied for Essential Medicines, California Institute of Technology Graduate Student Council, and Trinity University Association of Student Representatives.
  • July 6, 2009. The Amsterdam principles on sharing proteomics data, updating the Bermuda principles (see 1996, above). Arising from a 2008 conference (International Summit on Proteomics Data Release and Sharing Policy, Amsterdam, August 14, 2008), but apparently not published until July 2009.
  • September 10, 2009. The Toronto Statement on pre-publication data sharing. From participants in the Toronto International Data Release Workshop (Toronto, May 2009).
  • November 27, 2009. The Manchester Manifesto. From philosopher John Harris, Nobel-winning biologist Sir John Sulston, and 48 others from the Institute for Science, Ethics and Innovation (iSEI) at The University of Manchester. Also see iSEI's related web site, Who Owns Science?

2010

  • October 27, 2010. Participants at a meeting sponsored by CODATA International and the South African National Research Foundation (Stellenbosch, South Africa on October 24-27, 2010) released the Cape Town Declaration on the importance of open data in research. (Don't confuse this with the Cape Town Open Education Declaration from January 2008, above.)
  • November 11, 2010. The Bogotà Declaration. From the institutional partners in Project NECOBELAC (representing six countries in Europe and Latin America), and the participants in a NECOBELAC training course (Curso internacional de formación de capacitadores NECOBELAC, Bogotà, November 9-11, 2010).

2011

  • February, 2011. The Ghent Declaration. From four participants at the meeting to launch OpenAIRE (Ghent, December 1, 2010) and released in February 2011. The authors are Gregor Hagedorn, Frederick Friend, Jean-Claude Guédon, and John Willinsky.

2012

2013

2014

  • May 23, 2014. LIS Open Access Declaration. From informed, a blog for library and information professionals to discuss information issues. Signatories of the petition pledge to make all of their work open access, wherever possible.