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| [[File:oad2.jpeg|60px]] This list is part of the [http://oad.simmons.edu Open Access Directory].
| | This page [http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/hoap/OATP_conventions moved] on May 24, 2015. Please update your bookmarks. |
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| ----
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| {| align="right"
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| | __TOC__
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| * This is a section within the larger [[OA tracking project]] (OATP).
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| * Project ''conventions'' are decisions, agreements, or guidelines among the participants on how to carry out the project. For suggestions on how to help or be helped by the project, see the page on project [[OATP tips | tips]].
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| [[Category:Research about OA]] [[Category:Working for OA]]
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| == Taggable items ==
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| * '''New items'''
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| ** Use ''oa.new'' for items that are new within the last six months or so. Also use ''oa.new'' for new articles and comments about older developments.
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| ** To tag older items, use any relevant subtopic tags. Just remember to omit ''oa.new''.
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| * '''On-topic and off-topic items'''
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| ** OATP focuses on ''open access to research''. Tag anything directly related to that topic.
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| ** There are many neighboring topics that overlap with OA to research. Don't tag everything on these topics, but do tag the items in the overlap area, or items that are themselves directly related to OA. For example, copyright is one of these neighboring topics. Don't tag everything on copyright (please!), but do tag items on copyright that are directly related to OA. Here are some examples of neighboring topics:
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| *** Academic freedom; academic publishing; altmetrics; copyright, fair use, and the public domain; digital divide; digital publishing; digitization; DRM; ebooks and ebook readers; free and open-source software; free online non-academic content (like music or news); freedom of speech and censorship; impact metrics; journal prices; legal regulation of the internet, libraries, and publishing; library budgets; libraries in the digital age; licensing terms for online content; media concentration and monopoly; metadata; non-OA scholarly journals or research literature; OA to non-research content such as music and movies; online teaching and learning; open educational resources; open government; P2P file-sharing; peer review reform and variations; plagiarism, defamation, and scientific misconduct; preservation; privacy and anonymity; research funding; search engines; the semantic web; text and data mining.
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| ** ''Exceptions:'' In a small number of cases, OATP tries to tag all items on a certain topic even though some items on that topic are not strongly connected to OA. These exceptions arose for different reasons, usually because OATP already had a good start on a comprehensive list. We'll try to keep these exceptions few in number:
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| *** Google Books (tag: [http://tagteam.harvard.edu/hubs/oatp/tag/oa.google.books oa.google.books])
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| *** Google Book Settlement (tag: [http://tagteam.harvard.edu/hubs/oatp/tag/oa.google.settlement oa.google.settlement]).
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| *** We formerly put "Public sector information" ([http://tagteam.harvard.edu/hubs/oatp/tag/oa.psi oa.psi]) in this category. But today OATP aims for completeness on research data ("oa.data") and not on government data (pubic sector information or "oa.psi").
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| * '''Best sources'''
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| ** Tag the actual content whenever you can, not just a pointer to the content. If you learn about a relevant article from a blog post, then always tag the article itself. Only tag the blog post as well if it adds significant commentary or deserves to be tagged in its own right.
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| * '''OA and non-OA versions'''
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| ** Tag relevant items whether or not they are OA.
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| ** If an item is not itself OA, then include some relevant excerpts in the "description" box, for example from the abstract. And don't forget to add the ''oa.ta'' tag.
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| ** If an article exists in both OA and non-OA versions, at least tag the OA version, in order to help OATP users click through to full-text. If you have reason to think that the link to the non-OA version is more durable, or that the non-OA version is later or superior, then tag that version as well (again, with the ''oa.ta'' tag).
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| * '''Mobile v. non-mobile versions'''
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| ** If you discover a tag-worthy page with a mobile device, try to view the web or non-mobile version of the page before tagging it.
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| ** Note that the ''oa.mobile'' tag is for OA-related developments for mobile devices, whether or not the pages describing those developments are displayed in mobile format.
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| * '''Languages'''
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| ** OATP wants to cover OA news and comment worldwide, in every language. However, OATP itself is an English-language project. Hence, when you tag a non-English item for OATP, you should use English-language tags, even if you also use non-English tags, for example ''oa.new'' and ''oa.nouveau''. Descriptions (excerpts, paraphrases, translations) should always be in English.
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| ** When you tag an item not written in English, please include the appropriate language tag, e.g. ''oa.french'', ''oa.german'', ''oa.hindi'', or ''oa.italian''. Note that nation and language tags are separate, and should be used together, e.g. ''oa.france'' and ''oa.french'' or ''oa.argentina'' and ''oa.spanish''.
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| * '''Duplicates'''
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| ** Before OATP moved to TagTeam, we had to encourage taggers to avoid tagging items already tagged. One virtue of TagTeam is that we no longer have to do that. If you tag an item with ''oa.new'' (or any other project tag), when someone else had already tagged that item with that tag, then the item will appear only once in the feed for that tag.
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| ** TagTeam only considers items to be duplicates if they have the same URL. Hence, it's possible for duplicates to appear in the feed if they have different URLs. But it's not worth the trouble to run a TagTeam search check for the presence of a given item before tagging it. If you want to be conscientious, however, it would help to delete unnecessary parameters from a URL before tagging a page. The more users who do that, the fewer duplicates we'll have in our feeds and search results.
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| <!--
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| * '''DOI's''' (Digital Object Identifiers)
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| ** If you use Connotea for tagging, and if an article has a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier DOI], mark the DOI as if for copying and leave it marked when you click on the Connotea bookmarklet. Connotea will incorporate the DOI into the tag record, helping users with institutional subscriptions click through to the full-text. If you get a Connotea error message when you do this, then unmark the DOI and tag the page as usual. (Unfortunately, some articles display unworking DOIs.)
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| -->
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| == Tag guidelines ==
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| * '''Primary and secondary tags'''
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| ** OATP has only one primary tag, ''oa.new'' (above), which we use for all new items. We use this tag for any (new) OA-related development, regardless of the field, language, country, or aspect of OA.
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| ** Secondary tags cover OA subtopics, such as OA in a certain field, OA in a certain language, OA in a certain country, or certain aspects of OA itself, such as OA through repositories, OA through journals, OA and copyright, OA business models, and so on.
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| ** Always use the primary tag for new items.
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| ** Always use the major secondary or subtopic tags, whether the item is new or old. A subtopic tag is ''major'' if it appears on the [[OATP tags | OATP list of approved tags]], which is a subset of the full list of attested tags.
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| *** If a news story is about OA in a certain country, then tag it by country (e.g. "oa.argentina", "oa.brazil", "oa.china"). If it's not about OA in a certain country, but a country is named incidentally, then don't tag it by country. The same is true for news about OA in a certain field (e.g. "oa.anthropology", "oa.biology", "oa.chemistry").
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| * '''User-defined tags'''
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| ** Feel free, but not obliged, to add new user-defined tags as you go. But don't use a user-defined tag when there's an existing, approved OATP tag for the same topic.
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| *** Example: if there's no tag for a new OA-related organization or new OA-related subtopic, feel free to create one (e.g. "oa.abcdef").
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| ** If you don't have time to check to see whether OATP already has an approved tag for a given topic, just use a tag that makes sense to you. With TagTeam, we can automatically convert different tags for the same topic into the same tag. For example, TagTeam automatically converts "oa.monographs" into "oa.books".
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| * '''Descriptions'''
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| ** Always add an excerpt, paraphrase, or summary in the "description" field of the TagTeam bookmarklet.
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| ** If the piece has an abstract, just enter "Abstract: " and then cut/paste the abstract.
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| ** If the piece doesn't have an abstract, then quote or paraphrase one of the more OA-relevant passages. Finding a pertinent passage will really help OATP readers. If there are several pertinent passages, feel free to include them all, separated by ellipses (e.g. "This...and this...and this...").
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| ** If you use a quotation, always put it in quotation marks. Exception: If you quote the abstract and and label it as the abstract, then you needn't put it in quotation marks.
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| ** When the original file does not support cutting and pasting (e.g. a locked PDF, or an image-scan), then either re-key an excerpt or compose your own summary or description.
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| ** All descriptions should be in English. OATP aims to cover news and developments in all countries and languages, but aims to do so in English.
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| *** If the tagged work is not in English, then the description should be the tagger's summary or paraphrase, the tagger's translation, or a machine translation.
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| *** User-defined tags need not be in English. For example, if an article is about OA for books, then use the English tag "oa.books", but feel free to add non-English tags as well, such as "oa.libros", "oa.livres", or "oa.buecher".
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| *** When the tagged item is not in English, always use a tag for the original language, in addition to a tag for the original nation ("oa.french" in addition to "oa.france").
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| *** If you use Google Translate or an equivalent to generate a translation of a non-English excerpt, then put the excerpt in quotation marks and precede it with a line to this effect: "From Google's English: "
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| == Tag syntax ==
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| * OATP tags are composed of these elements: ''oa'' + dot + ''subtopic'' (word or phrase). For example: ''oa.something'', not ''oasomething'' and not just ''something''.
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| ** The ''oa.'' prefix separates our tags from other tags using the same words or phrases. For example, tags like ''policies'' and ''journals'' could cover developments unrelated to OA, but ''oa.policies'' and ''oa.journals'' only cover developments related to OA.
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| ** The ''oa.'' prefix means "in connection with OA" or "related to OA", not necessarily "in support of OA". Hence even an article criticizing OA journals should be tagged ''oa.journals''. So should an article focusing on TA journals and comparing them with OA journals.
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| * Omit spaces. For example: ''oa.something'', not ''oa something''.
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| ** Some tagging platforms, like Connotea, would treat the latter as two separate tags, ''oa'' and ''something'', and we'd lose the benefit of the ''oa.'' prefix. Other platforms, like TagTeam, would regard ''oa something'' as a single tag, but would ignore it in searches for the ''oa.something'' tag.
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| * Use lower case letters only. For example: ''oa.something'', not ''oa.Something''. This is the rule even for proper nouns. For example: ''oa.france'', not ''oa.France''.
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| ** TagTeam automatically decapitalizes upper-case letters.
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| * Use an underscore for phrases. For example: ''oa.fair_use'', not ''oa.fair use'' or ''oa.fairuse'' or ''oa.fair-use''.
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| ** Or use an acronym for phrases. For example, ''oa.pd'', not ''oa.public_domain''. See the [[OATP tags|tags page]] to see whether the underscore or acronym version is recommended for a given phrase.
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| * Use a hyphen where the original used a hyphen. For example: ''oa.wiley-blackwell''.
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| * Use an ampersand (without flanking spaces) where the original used an ampersand. For example: ''oa.taylor&francis''.
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| * Use additional dots for additional levels of subtopic subordination. For example: ''oa.case'' is for case studies, while ''oa.case.policies'' is for case studies on OA policies, and ''oa.case.policies.universities'' is for case studies on OA policies at universities.
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| * In general, use plural nouns rather than singular nouns. For example: ''oa.repositories'', not ''oa.repository''.
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| ** But use a singular noun for the genre of the item you are tagging. For example, when tagging an editorial, use ''oa.editorial''. And so on for ''oa.case'', ''oa.comment'', ''oa.interview'', ''oa.letter'', ''oa.preprint'', ''oa.presentation'', ''oa.report'', ''oa.review''. In short, in an article is about preprints, use ''oa.preprints'', but if it is itself a preprint, use ''oa.preprint''.
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| ** Also use the singular for nouns used in an adjectival sense, for example, ''oa.crowd''.
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| * The [[OATP tags|evolving tag vocabulary or ontology for OATP]] is in English, and the descriptions added to tag records should be in English.
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| ** Even while OATP builds its ontology, it welcomes a folksonomy of user-defined tags, including tags not in English. However, we cannot promise that user-defined tags will remain unmodified as the project ontology continues to evolve. Deprecated tags may be modified to become approved tags, and non-English tags may be modified to become English tags. As always, however, these modifications will only affect the TagTeam copies of these tags. If the tags were originally made in another platform, the originals will remain unmodified.
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| * Not all existing OATP tags conform to these conventions. But many tagging platforms, including TagTeam, support retroactive tag revision and [[OATP future|over time]] we hope to bring noncompliant tags into compliance.
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| == Tag convergence ==
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| * OATP started as an informal folksonomy but is evolving toward a more formal ontology. One way we are doing this is to use the power of [[What is TagTeam?|TagTeam]] to convert deprecated tags to [[OATP tags|approved tags]] automatically.
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| ** Note that this process only affects the TagTeam copies of tag records, for example, for publishing output feeds and searching. If you tagged items on another platform (such as CiteULike or Delicious), this will not affect your original tags.
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| * As the project decides on the best tags to use for certain subtopics, we record them on the page of [[OATP tags|project tags]]. Please follow the usage on that page.
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| <!-- * We are considering a discussion forum for proposing and discussing tags. But until then, use the "discussion" tab on the [[OATP tags]] page. -->
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| * Not all existing tags conform to the emerging OATP ontology. But [[OATP future|over time]] we hope to bring noncompliant tags into compliance.
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