Advocacy organizations for OA

This list is part of the Open Access Directory.


 * This is a list of organizations which make OA advocacy a significant part of their mission. For this purpose, advocacy goes beyond providing OA to other forms of promoting OA.


 * Please annotate organizations with the location of their headquarters, the nations or regions in which they work, the sorts of advocacy in which they engage, and their launch date.
 * If organizations have notable OA advocacy projects, please list them under the organizations rather than as separate entries.


 * If an organization has since folded, please include it with an annotation rather than exclude it.


 * Related lists in OAD: Institutions that support open access.

A

 * @ccess
 * An offshoot of the Open Knowledge Foundation.
 * Focused on BOAI-compliant OA, worldwide.
 * Launched February 2012.


 * Access to Knowledge Global Academy
 * Based at the Information Society Project of Yale Law School.
 * Focused on "research, education, and policy advice promoting access to knowledge" worldwide, and especially in developing countries.
 * Launched in September 2008.


 * Access to Knowledge for Development Center (A2K4D)
 * Based in Cairo.
 * Focused on A2K in the developing world.
 * Launched in February 2010.


 * access2research
 * Focused on the campaign for OA and free access over the Internet to journals.
 * Focused on promoting taxpayer-funded research and OA.


 * African Access to Knowledge Alliance (AAKA) (no web site)
 * Based in Botswana.
 * Focused on A2K in Africa, including OA.
 * Launched as the Africa Copyright and Access to Information Alliance (ACAIA) on November 28, 2005, and re-launched as the AAKA and registered as a Botswana trust in January 2007.


 * African Commons Project
 * Based in Johannesburg, South Africa.
 * Focuses on turning "communities into active participants in the digital economy and to defend, protect, support and encourage the freedom of South African societies to create, build upon and share knowledge".
 * Launched in 2008.


 * African Copyright & Access to Knowledge Project (ACA2K)
 * Based in Johannesburg, South Africa.
 * Focused on "the relationship between national copyright environments and access to knowledge in African countries".
 * Launched as the ACA2k Network April 25, 2008.


 * Agenda for Open Research
 * Based in the UK.
 * Focused on openness and transparency in science.


 * Associazione italiana per la promozione della scienza aperta (AISA) (Italian Association for the Promotion of Open Science)
 * Based in Trento, Italy.
 * English name = AISA (Italian Association for the Promotion of Open Science)
 * Focused on supporting and advocating for Open Science.
 * Founded in March, 2013.
 * Site available in Italian and English.


 * Akada Network
 * Based in Abuja, Nigeria.
 * Focused on promoting visibility in higher education and the research sector to bridge knowledge gaps.
 * Launched 2013.


 * Aktionsbündnis: Urheberrecht für Bildung und Wissenschaft (Coalition for Action: Copyright for Education and Research)
 * Based in Oldenburg, Germany.
 * Focused on copyright reforms to facilitate OA, especially in Germany.
 * Launched July 5, 2004.
 * Site available in German and English.


 * Alliance for Taxpayer Access (ATA)
 * Based in Washington D.C. Administered by SPARC (below).
 * Focused on OA for publicly-funded research in the US.
 * A membership organization of US universities, libraries, societies, patient advocacy groups, and public-interest groups.
 * Launched August 24, 2004.


 * Allianz der deutschen Wissenschaftsorganisationen (Alliance of German Science Organisations])
 * Focused on science policy in Germany, including OA.
 * Also see its Arbeitsgruppe Open Access (Working Group on Open Access).
 * Site available in German and English.


 * American Academic & Scholarly Research Center (AASRC)
 * Based in the USA.
 * Focused on "research, education, and policy advice promoting access to knowledge" worldwide, and especially in developing countries.


 * AMI pour la constitution du Comité pour la Science Ouverte (CoSO).
 * Part of the Bibliothèque Scientifique Numérique (BSN; Digital Scientific Library).
 * Committee promotes open science.


 * Arbeitskreis Open Access (Open Access Working Group)
 * Based in Berlin, Germany.
 * Focused on promoting science and access to research at Leibniz Association member institutions.
 * Site available in German and English.


 * Association for Computers and the Humanities (ACH)
 * Based in the USA.
 * "The ACH is the US-based member of the Alliance of Digital Humanities Organizations (ADHO) consortium."
 * Focused on OA in the humanities.
 * Launched in 1978, and ramped up its OA advocacy in 2011-12.


 * Asociace knihoven vysokých škol ČR (AKVŠ) (Association of Libraries of Czech Universities)
 * OA blog.
 * Open Access in CZ. Website set up for the Open Access Week 2010, with 11 participating institutions.
 * DSpace CZ
 * Launched in 2001.
 * Site available in Czech and English.


 * Association of Students for Equitable Access to Knowledge (ASEAK)
 * Based in Delhi, India.
 * Focused on taking legal action against publishers inhibiting the dissemination of educational information via reproductions, in order to make educational materials more accessible to those who find their costs prohibitive.
 * Association was founded during a campaign to Save D School Photocopy shop in Delhi University.


 * Australian Governments Open Access and Licensing Framework (AusGOAL)
 * Provides support for government and related sectors to facilitate open access to publicly funded information.


 * Australasian Open Access Strategy Group (AOASG)
 * Based in Australia.
 * Focused on open access outreach and advocacy in Australia and New Zealand.
 * Known as the Australian Open Access Support Group prior to August, 2015.
 * Launched in 2012.


 * Authors Alliance
 * Based in Berkeley, California.
 * Focused on representing the interests of authors who support open access policies.
 * Launched on May 21, 2014.


 * Avoin tiede ja tutkimus (ATT) (Open Science and Research Initiative)
 * Managed by the Ministry of Education and Culture of Finland, based in Helsinki, Finland.
 * Established in 2014.
 * Focused on promoting open science in Finland.
 * Site available in Finnish and English.

B

 * Berkeley Initiative for Transparency in the Social Sciences
 * Based in Berkeley, California, USA.
 * Focused on improving the standards of openness and integrity in economics, political science, psychology, and related disciplines.
 * Launched in 2012.


 * Beyond Access.
 * International organization based in several countries around the world.
 * Focused on generating strategy, providing guidance, and designing and managing projects, trainings, events, and advisory services to advance individual and community development.


 * Bioline International
 * Based in Brazil.
 * Focused on OA in and from developing countries.
 * Launched in 1993.


 * BioMed Central (BMC)
 * Based in London.
 * In addition to publishing OA journals, advocates green and gold OA worldwide.
 * Also see the BMC advocacy page.
 * Also see the BMC project on Open Access and the Developing World.


 * Biblioteca Regional de Medicina (BIREME) (Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information)
 * Based in São Paulo, Brazil.
 * Focused on access to medical information in Latin America and the Caribbean.
 * Launched in 1967. Re-launched in 1982 under the name, Latin-American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information, but retaining the acronym (BIREME) of its old name.
 * Site available in Brazilian Portuguese, Spanish, and English.


 * Bündnis Freie Bildung (BFB) (Free Education Alliance)
 * Based in Berlin, Germany.
 * Initiative of Creative Commons, Open Knowledge Foundation Germany, and Wikimedia Germany.
 * Focused on facilitating discussion about free and open educational materials between decision-makers in politics, science, society, the media, and education.
 * Site available only in German.

C

 * California Open Educational Resources Council (OER Council)
 * Based in California.
 * Focused on facilitating review of textbooks for inclusion in the California Open Source Digital Library.
 * Organized by the Intersegmental Committee of the Academic Senates (ISAC).


 * Cambridge Open Research
 * Based in Cambridge, U.K.
 * A once a month meeting to promote ideas of "sharing and collaboration among academics as well as between academics and non-academics."


 * Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL)
 * The Association’s members consists of 29 major academic research libraries across Canada together with Library and Archives Canada, the Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (CISTI) and the Library of Parliament.
 * Plays a leading role in the transformation of scholarly communication in Canada through a number of projects: Data Management, Open Access, Institutional Repositories, Greater Reach for Your Research: Resources for authors.
 * Working Groups include Joint CARL/CRKN Open Access Working Group with The Canadian Research Knowledge Network.


 * Caribbean Open Institute
 * Regionally based in the Caribbean.
 * Focused on promoting Caribbean adoption of open data practices.


 * CARL: SCORE Interest Group
 * Part of California Academic & Research Libraries Association (ACRL chapter).
 * Focused on: Scholarly Communication and Open Resources for Education (SCORE).


 * Comité pour l'Accessibilité aux Publications en Sciences et Humanités (CAPSH) (Committee for the Accessibility of Publications in Sciences and Humanities)
 * Based in Cluny, France [Statuts de l'association C.A.P.S.H., Article 3].
 * “CAPSH (Committee for the Accessibility of Publications in Sciences and Humanities) is a French nonprofit association promoting the open access to academic publications.”.
 * Founded September 2015.
 * Manages online platform dissem.in.
 * Based in Paris, France [Twitter, "dissemin"].
 * "Dissemin is a web platform gathering metadata from many sources and analyzing the full text availability of publications of researchers." - "What is dissem.in?"
 * Launch date of October 2015 proposed in September 2015.
 * Available in French and English.


 * The Commons Network
 * Based in Europe.
 * "The Commons Network is a civil society initiative and think-tank working on a local, national and European level. We feel a new balance favoring the common good needs be found in many different spheres of society. We are also an access to knowledge advocacy initiative with a social justice and sustainability approach."


 * Caucasus Research Resource Centers (CRRC)
 * Based in the capital cities of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia.
 * "A network of resource, research and training centers," which offers "scholars and practitioners stable opportunities for integrated research, training and collaboration in the region."
 * Established in 2003.
 * Site available in Azerbaijani (Azərbaycanca), Armenian (հայերեն), Georgian (ქართული ენა), and English.


 * Center for Open Data Enterprise
 * Based in Washington, D.C.
 * Launched in 2013.
 * Focused on promoting open data usage.


 * Center for Open Educational Resources and Language Learning (COERLL)
 * Based in Austin, Texas at the University of Texas at Austin, Center for Open Educational Resources and Language Learning.
 * Focused on sharing Open Education Resources (OER) in the sphere of language and linguistics education.
 * Launched in 2010.


 * Center for Open Science (COS)
 * Based in Charlottesville, Virginia
 * Focused on "improving the alignment between scientific values and scientific practices to improve the accumulation and application of knowledge".
 * Launched in March 2013.
 * Also see its blog, Open Science Collaboration.


 * Center for the Study of the Public Domain (CSPD)
 * Based at Duke Law School, Durham, North Carolina.
 * Focused on "promot[ing] research and scholarship on the contributions of the public domain to speech, culture, science and innovation, to promote debate about the balance needed in our intellectual property system" and " translat[ing] academic research into public policy solutions."
 * Launched in September 2002.


 * Centre for Research Communications (CRC)
 * Based at the University of Nottingham, UK.
 * The CRC houses a portfolio of open-access projects, services and initiatives. These include the SHERPA partnership; the open-access services RoMEO, Juliet and OpenDOAR; the JISC Research Communications Strategy project, Repositories Support Project (RSP), and contribution to the European and international projects OpenAIRE, Dart-Europe and NECOBELAC.
 * Founded in April 2009.


 * Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe (CCSD) (The Center for Direct Scientific Communication)
 * Based in Villeurbanne, France.
 * Focused on green OA in France. CCSD operates HAL - a multi-disciplinary open access archive and institutional open access portals.
 * Launched in 2000.
 * Site available in French. English site is not functional.


 * Committee for the Accessibility of Publications in Sciences and Humanities (CAPSH).
 * Based in France.
 * Focused on promoting the open access to academic publications. It is in charge of the Dissemin project.


 * ContentMine
 * Based in the UK.
 * Focused on freeing up scientific facts, making them available to all outside paywalls.
 * Launched in 2014.


 * Centrum Cyfrowe Projekt: Polska (Digital Centre Project: Poland)
 * Based in Warsaw
 * English name: Center for Digital Design
 * Focused on facilitating open government, open NGOs, and open culture as a way of increasing civic engagement.
 * Site available in Polish and English.


 * Compaña CLACSO por el Acceso Abierto al Conocimiento (CLACSO Campaign for Open Access to Knowledge)
 * Based in Buenos Aires, CLACSO is a network of 380 research institutions in 25 countries
 * Developed by the Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO).
 * Focusing on the promotion of OA policies and implementation of non-commercial OA initiatives
 * Site available in Spanish, Portuguese, and English.


 * Coalition of Open Access Policy Institutions (COAPI)
 * Based at the University of Kansas.
 * Focusing on the implementation of university OA policies in North America.
 * Launched August 3, 2011.


 * Coherence in Information for Agricultural Research for Development (CIARD)
 * Focused on access to agricultural information and research, especially in developing countries.
 * Launched January 17, 2008, in Paris.
 * Site available in English, French, Spanish, and Chinese (简体中文).


 * COLABORA-Comunidad Latinoamericana de Bibliotecas y Repositorios Digitales (Latin America Community of Digital Libraries and Repositories)
 * Focused on gathering and connecting individuals interested in digital libraries and repositories.
 * Site available only in Spanish.


 * Collaborative Knowledge Foundation
 * Based in San Francisco.
 * Focused on developing open source tools to support scholarship.
 * Also known as the Coko Foundation.
 * Launched in October 2015.


 * Commons Strategies Group
 * Focused on "advanc[ing] the commons as a paradigm in diverse settings -- both in theory and practice."
 * Launched October 2010.


 * Communia Association
 * Based in Brussels.
 * Focused on the mission "to educate about, advocate for, offer expertise and research about the public domain in the digital age within society and with policy-makers."
 * Successor to the Communia Thematic Network, launched in September 2007 and funded by the European Commission until February 2011.
 * Launched in June 2011.


 * Confederation of Open Access Repositories (COAR)
 * Focused on green OA around the world.
 * A spin-off from DRIVER. Full entry for DRIVER below.
 * Launched in October 2009.


 * Conferenza dei Rettori delle Università Italiane - Gruppo Open Access (The Conference of Italian University Rectors - Open Access Group)
 * Group formed by the Conferenza dei Rettori delle Università Italiane (CRUI).
 * Focused on OA policies for Italian universities.
 * OA working group launched in early 2006.
 * Site available in Italian and English.


 * Council of Prairie and Pacific University Libraries (COPPUL), Scholarly Communications Working Group
 * Based in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
 * Focused on studying open access and scholarly communications in order to advice COPPUL Directors on supporting these activities and policies.
 * Founded in 2012.


 * Couperin
 * Non-profit association funded by the Ministry of Higher Education and Research.
 * French academic consortium of more than 200 members.
 * Focused on evaluating, improving, and promoting open access Scientific and Technical Information (IST).
 * Launched in 1999.
 * Site available in French and English.


 * Creative Commons (CC)
 * Based in San Francisco.
 * Focused on spreading open licenses and libre OA, for all kinds of digital content, worldwide.
 * Launched May 15, 2002.
 * See also Science Commons, focused on libre OA for research literature and data, launched January 1, 2005.

D

 * Data Foundation.
 * Based in Washington D.C.
 * Focused on research and advocacy surrounding open government-generated data.
 * Launched in 2016.


 * Don't Pay Twice
 * Focused on Campaign for OA.
 * Don't Pay Twice is supported by American Medical Student Association and Universities Allied for Essential Medicines.
 * Launched in 2013.


 * Digital Repositories Infrastructure Vision for European Research (DRIVER)
 * Focused on green OA around the world.
 * Site launched in 2006.


 * Digital Repository Federation in Japan (DRF)
 * Digital Repository Federation (DRF) is a federation consisting of 87 universities and research institutes (as of February 2009), which aims to promote Open Access and Institutional Repository in Japan.
 * DRF is based on one of the research and development projects, managed by Hokkaido University, Chiba University, Kanazawa University, Osaka University and Hiroshima University.
 * Launched in 2010.


 * DuraSpace
 * A "not-for-profit organization providing leadership and innovation for open technologies that promote durable, persistent access to digital data."
 * Launched May 12, 2009, as a merger of the DSpace Foundation and Fedora Commons.


 * Deutsche Initiative für Netzwerkinformation (DINI)
 * Focused on green OA in Germany.
 * First substantive session held in September, 2000.
 * Site available in German and English.

E

 * E-learning, Communication, and Open-data (ECO)
 * International partnership based in Europe.
 * Focused on European MOOC development and advocacy.
 * Announced June 19, 2014.
 * Site available in English, Spanish, French, German, Italian, and Portuguese.


 * EC FAIR Data Expert Group.
 * Also known as: European Commission Expert Group on Turning FAIR Data into reality.
 * Chaired by Simon Hodson of CODATA.
 * Active in 2018.


 * Ecological Society of America (ESA) Open Science
 * Based in Washington D.C.
 * "An Ecological Society Of America Section Devoted To Open Science".


 * Electronic Information for Libraries (EIFL)
 * From EIFL.
 * Focused on OA in developing and transition countries.
 * Also see the EIFL-OA programme.
 * Launched in 1999.


 * Electronic Publishing Trust for Development (EPT)
 * Based in the UK.
 * Focused on facilitating "open access to the worlds scholarly literature and to support the electronic distribution of reviewed bioscience journals from countries experiencing difficulties with traditional publication."
 * Launched in 1996.


 * Elektroniczna BIBlioteka (EBIB)
 * EBIB is a non-profit organisation of Polish librarians working for OA.
 * Launched in 1999.


 * ElibUkr Electronic Library of Ukraine (Електронна бібліотека України)
 * The ELibUkr is a nation-wide linked Electronic Library/Knowledge Centers network.
 * Promotes OA and OA repository development in Ukrainian Universities.
 * Supports ELibUkr-OA - a shared national repository for Ukrainian researchers without institutional repositories.
 * Site available in Ukrainian and English


 * Enabling Open Scholarship (EOS)
 * The EOS Board
 * Based at the University of Liege, Belgium.
 * Focused on helping universities adopt OA policies.
 * A membership organization of research institutions.
 * Launched as EurOpenScholar, October 2007. Relaunched as Enabling Open Scholarship, September 22, 2009.
 * Site available in English and French.


 * EPrints Community
 * Based at the University of Southampton, UK.
 * Open Access Policy-Making Tools and Guidance.
 * Focused on institutions hosting OA repositories using EPrints software.
 * Launched in 2001.


 * Eurodoc Open Science Working Group
 * Facilitates policy supporting "Open Access and Open Data [as] the two main pillars of Open Science."
 * Part of European Council of Doctoral Candidates and Junior Researchers (Eurodoc).


 * European Commons Assembly
 * Focused on enriching open access resources and increasing breadth and visibility of the commons movement in Europe.


 * European Heads of Research Councils (EuroHORCs)
 * Recommended OA mandates for member institutions, April 18, 2008.
 * Launched in 1992.


 * European Network for Copyright in support of Education and Science (ENCES)
 * Focused on copyright reforms to facilitate OA and OER in Europe.
 * Launched November 13, 2008.


 * European Open Education Librarian Network
 * Contact: SPARC Europe.
 * Began in 2018.


 * European Open Science Cloud Pilot
 * Mission is: Facilitating access of researchers across all scientific disciplines to data; Establishing a governance and business model that sets the rules for the use of EOSC; Creating a cross-border and multi-disciplinary open innovation environment for research data, knowledge and services; Establishing global standards for interoperability for scientific data


 * European Regions Research and Innovation Network (ERRIN)
 * Headquartered in Brussels.
 * "Promotes knowledge exchange between its members, focusing on joint actions and project partnerships to strengthen regional research and innovation capacities."
 * Founded in 2001.


 * European Scientific Institute (ESI)
 * ESI is a global academic platform, cooperating with universities and institutions on five continents to organise conferences, workshops and collaborative projects.
 * Hosts one of the largest interdisciplinary open access journals in Europe.


 * European University Association (EUA) Science 2.0/Open Science Expert Group
 * International group based in Brussels, Belgium and Geneva, Switzerland.
 * Focused on Open Science in the context of universities with connection to the EUA.
 * Established in January 2015.


 * European University Association (EUA) Working Group on OA
 * Focused on OA policies for European universities.
 * The OA Working Group was launched on July 10, 2006.


 * Europeana.
 * Based in the Hague
 * The Europeana Foundation is the organization tasked by the European Commission with developing a digital cultural heritage platform for Europe
 * Driven by a core belief that access to a shared heritage – whether in music, books, films, art or social history - makes people’s lives richer


 * Euroscience Science Publishing Working Group
 * Focused on spreading OA policies throughout Europe.
 * The Science Publishing Working Group was launched on January 30, 2005.


 * Expert Advisory Group on Data Access (EAGDA)
 * Based in the U.K.
 * Established by Wellcome Trust
 * Provides "strategic advice on the emerging scientific, legal and ethical issues associated with data access for human genetics research and cohort studies."

F

 * Fair Open Access
 * Based in the Netherlands.
 * Aims to create sustainable open access scholarly publishing through pushing a set of guidelines to achieving fair open access.


 * FAIRsharing
 * Web guide to "data and metadata standards, inter-related to databases and data policies."
 * Based at University of Oxford e-Research Centre, UK.
 * Launched in 2008 as MIBBI (Minimum Information for Biological and Biomedical Investigations).


 * Forum for Open Access in South Asia
 * An online forum formed by the advocates of Open Access, Open Data and Open Education in South Asian countries to take forward the Open Access movement in South Asia.
 * Formed on 11th July 2017


 * FinnOA (Suomen Open Access Työryhmhä)
 * The national site for OA in Finland.
 * Finnish Open Access Working Group.
 * In Finnish. Home page provides brief description in English.


 * Free/Libre Open Knowledge Society (FLOK Society)
 * Based in Quito, Ecuador.
 * A "Free Open Knowledge Society, designing a world for the commons."
 * In Spanish.


 * Future of Research Communication and e-Scholarship 2011 (Force11)
 * Based in La Jolla, California.
 * Focused on transforming scholarly communication, including support for OA.
 * Includes the Scholarly Commons Working Group.
 * Launched in March 2011.


 * Forum Mondial des Médias Libres (World Forum of Free Media)
 * Based in Montreal, Québec.
 * Focused on "the fight for free knowledge and for alternatives to the models of communication monopolized or controlled by economic power, free media are those that serve communities, social struggles, culture and diversity."
 * Organizer of connected events, beginning in 2009.


 * Facilitate Open Science Training for European Research (FOSTER)
 * Based in Minho, Portugal, but European-wide in scope.
 * Focused on assisting young researchers in integrating open access principles into their workflow, facilitating the adoption and implementation of open access policies for European funders, and increasing institutional support and training for open access policies.
 * Launched in 2014.


 * Foundation for Open Access Statistics (FOAS)
 * Based in California.
 * Focuses on promoting "free software, open access publishing, and reproducible research in statistics" and supporting The Journal of Statistical Software (JSS)
 * Launched in 2013.


 * Foundation for P2P Alternatives
 * A non-profit network "of researchers, activists, and citizens monitoring and promoting actions geared towards a transition to a Commons-based society."
 * Launched November 29, 2005.


 * Free Ebook Foundation
 * Based in the United States.
 * Focused on the access and distribution of free Ebooks, in coordination with projects Unglue.it and GITenberg.
 * Launched June 2015.


 * Free Culture Foundation
 * Chapters based in universities in the United States.
 * Focuses on undoing "the exploitation enabled by private ownership of technology, media, and communication networks".
 * Previously known as Students of Free Culture.
 * Launched in 2003.


 * Free Knowledge Advocacy Group
 * Based across the EU.
 * Focused on promoting free access to, and re-use of, human knowledge.
 * Launched in 2013.


 * Free Knowledge Institute
 * Based in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
 * Formerly, Science Education and Learning in Freedom (SELF), re-launched as FKI January 14, 2008.


 * Free/Libre Open Source and Open Knowledge Association of Kansas (FLOK
 * Based in Lawrence, Kansas.
 * Focused on promoting the open sharing of software and knowledge in Kansas.
 * Organizes regional open access/knowledge-based events for residents of Kansas.


 * Free the Science
 * An initiative of the Electrochemical Society.
 * Focused on removing the paywalls that are barriers to open research in the science industry.
 * Connects OA-interested research scientists to OA publishing resources.
 * Offers subsidized publishing for qualified researchers.

G

 * Global Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition (GODAN)
 * International partnership based in Wallingford, England.
 * Focused on open data advocacy in the areas of agriculture and nutrition.
 * Launched in October 2013.


 * Global Open Data Initiative (GODI)
 * Focused on open data and open government.
 * Operates under partnership including "Fundar, Open Institute, Open Knowledge Foundation [now known as Open Knowledge International], Sunlight Foundation, and Web Foundation."
 * Announced in June 2013.


 * Gold Open Access Infrastructure
 * Based in the U.K.
 * Promotes discussion on "the subject of the technical infrastructure needed to support Gold Open Access to published research papers."
 * Launched in April 2013.


 * GO-GN: The Global OER Graduate Network
 * OER stands for Open Educational Resources.
 * Based in Heerland, Netherlands.
 * Is a global network of PhD students involved in projects, policy development and implementation strategies on open educational resources (OER).


 * Green Open Access Working Group (GOAWG)
 * Based in Indiana U.S.A.
 * Seeks to help authors of LIS scholarship self-archive their non-OA works in OA repositories.


 * Grupo de Pesquisa em Políticas Públicas para o Acesso à Informação (GPOPAI) (Research Group on Public Policy for Access to Information)
 * Based at the Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
 * Focused on access to information, culture, and knowledge in Brazil.

H

 * Harvard Open Access Project (HOAP)
 * Based at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
 * Focused on developing effective OA policies at universities and funding agencies (worldwide), and providing accurate and timely information about OA itself.
 * Launched in the fall of 2011.


 * Health Information for All (HIFA).
 * International organization based in Africa, Europe, and the rest of the world.
 * A global health network of more than 16,000 members (health workers, librarians, publishers, researchers, policymakers...) committed to the progressive realisation of a world where every person has access to the healthcare information they need to protect their own health and the health of others.
 * Launched in Mombasa, Kenya in October 2006, at the 10th Congress of the Association for Health Information and Libraries in Africa.


 * Health Research Alliance
 * Based in North Carolina, U.S.
 * Focused on providing open research in order to better general health.
 * Launched 1998.


 * Higher education Online: MOOCs the European way (HOME)
 * Network partners based in Europe.
 * Focused on promoting open education in Europe, with special attention to Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs).
 * Operates under the European Association of Distance Teaching Universities (EADTU).
 * Launched in January 2014.


 * HUNgarian Open Repositories (HUNOR)
 * The HUNOR consortium was set up to advance national open access practices in Hungary.
 * Run by the University Library of Debrecen.
 * In Hungarian.

I

 * iCommons
 * Based in the UK.
 * Focused on "open education, access to knowledge, free software, open access publishing and free culture communities around the world."
 * Apparently launched in 2006.


 * IFLA Open Access Taskforce
 * From the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA).
 * Focused on OA through the United Nations, through national governments worldwide, through member institutions, and through partner OA-advocacy organizations.
 * Announced October 11, 2011.
 * Available in English, Spanish, French, and German.


 * Implementing New Knowledge Environments (INKE).
 * Based in Canada
 * Focused on issues related to networked open social scholarship: creating and disseminating research and research technologies in ways that are accessible and significant to a broad audience that includes specialists and active non-specialists.
 * Activities include awareness raising, knowledge mobilization, training, public engagement, scholarly communication, and pertinent research and development on local, national, and international levels.
 * Launched 2015.


 * India Open Data Association (IODA)
 * "Promotes and supports different open data initiatives in India."
 * Launched 2015.


 * International Advisory Group, Public Library of Science
 * Based in San Francisco, California.
 * Organized by the Public Library of Science (PLoS).
 * A group of eminent individuals within PLoS, focused on addressing research barriers and encouraging global participation.


 * International Community for Open Research and Education (ICORE)
 * Focused on promoting Open Research and Open Education worldwide.
 * Founded and established by the joint initiative and collaboration of organisations and individuals worldwide.


 * International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE).
 * Based in Norway and internationally.
 * Advocates for access, equity and quality learning through online, open and flexible learning.
 * A key partner for UNESCO.
 * Partial funding from the government of Norway.
 * Founded in 1938.


 * IFLA | International Leadership programme project descriptions: Open Access
 * From the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA).
 * "ICORE promotes, supports and enhances Open Research and Open Education worldwide."


 * Iniciativa Latinoamericana por los Datos Abiertos (ILDA) (Latin American Open Data Initiative)
 * Regional network based in Latin America.
 * Operates in connection to the Caribbean Open Institute.
 * Focused on supporting open data practices in Latin America.


 * L'Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique du CNRS (INIST-CNRS) (The Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of the CNRS)
 * Based in France.
 * Part of the Centre Nationnal de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (National Center for Scientific Research)
 * Focused on outlining achievements, debates, questions, studies and positions of key figures involved in science communication.
 * In French.


 * Informationsplattform Open Access (IPOA) (Open Access Information Platform)
 * The national site for OA in Germany. In October 2010, it began offering similar coverage for Austria and Switzerland.
 * Launched in September 2006.
 * Site available in German and English.


 * Innovating Communication in Scholarship (ICIS)
 * Based in California, USA.
 * Focused on analyzing changes in scholarly communication and helping re-shape the field.
 * Launched in November 2013.


 * Institute for Open Leadership (IOL)
 * Developed by Creative Commons (CC) to "train new leaders in education, science, and public policy fields on the values and implementation of openness in licensing, policies, and practices."
 * Formed in December 2013.


 * Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia (IBICT)
 * Focused on OA in Brazil.


 * Instituto de Información Científica y Tecnológica (IDICT), Cuba
 * Focused on OA in Cuba, e,g, see Open Access Week 2010.


 * International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE)
 * Top global membership organization for open, distance, flexible and online education.
 * Based in Oslo, Norway.
 * Shares core values with UNESCO, as a consultative partner.
 * Founded in 1938 in Canada as the International Council for Correspondence Education.


 * International Council for Open Research and Education (ICORE)
 * Focuses on "promoting Open Research and Open Education as a fundamental social objective."
 * Launched in May 2013.


 * International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications (INASP)
 * Based in Oxford, England.
 * Focused on improving availability in developing countries, including through OA.
 * Launched in 1992, registered as a UK Charity in 2004.


 * IOSSG - Italian Open Science Support Group
 * Promotes development and dissemination of open science in Italy, with particular reference to the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC).
 * Formed in 2016.
 * In Italian.


 * Interagency Working Group on Open Science (IWGOS)
 * Based in Washington D.C.
 * Aims to expand open science in order to advance public and industry access to federally funded research.
 * Launched in October 2016.


 * Irish Universities Association Open Project Working Group
 * Based in Dublin, Ireland.
 * Focused on green OA in Ireland.
 * Launched around June 2007.


 * Institute for the Study of Knowledge Management in Education (ISKME)
 * Based in Half Moon Bay, California.
 * Focused on "knowledge sharing in education" with a background supporting open educational resources (OER).
 * Operates OER Commons, an OER platform launched in 2007.
 * Launched in 2002.


 * IST Agropolis International
 * IST stands for Information Scientifique Technique
 * Based in Montpellier, France.
 * Aims to promote information exchange and international collaboration in scientific research.
 * Launched in 1985.
 * French language, limited English translations available.

J

 * Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC)
 * Focused on fostering digital scholarship in the UK, including many projects to foster OA. (We could use some help listing its most important OA-related projects here.)
 * Research Communications Strategy project (RCS)
 * A strategic analysis and advocacy initiative.

K

 * Kennisland
 * Based in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
 * Think tank oriented towards bettering society by enabling open access to information.
 * Launched in 1998.


 * Kenya Library and Information Services Consortium (KLISC)
 * Focused on "leadership and synergy building in knowledge and information resources sharing through capacity building, advocacy, networking and collaborations." This includes training librarians in open access.
 * Established in 2003.


 * Knowledge Ecology International (KEI)
 * Based in Washington, D.C. and Geneva.
 * Focused on "better outcomes, including new solutions, to the management of knowledge resources. KEI is focused on social justice, particularly for the most vulnerable populations, including low-income persons and marginalized groups."
 * Launched in 2006, "assimilating the staff and work program of the Consumer Project on Technology (CPTech), while redefining the mission of the organization."


 * Knowledge Exchange (KE)
 * Based in Copenhagen.
 * Focused on OA in Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK.
 * Also see the KE's Open Access Working Group.


 * Knowledge G.A.P. – Geopolitics of Academic Production
 * "Hosted at the Centre for Critical Development Studies (CCDS) at the University of Toronto, Scarborough;...affiliated with the Open Science and Development Network (OCSDnet)".
 * Studies "representation and marginalization within processes of global knowledge production".


 * The Knowledge Net
 * International network based throughout Europe.
 * Created in connection to PASTEUR4OA; operating under OpenAIRE as of September 2016.
 * Focused on the "development, adoption and implementation of Open Access policies that are aligned with the OA policy for Horizon 2020 by research funders and research institutions.".


 * Kosson, Romania
 * Focused on OA in Romania.
 * Launched May 1, 2007.
 * Also see Open Access Collection.

L

 * La Referencia
 * Focused on green OA in Latin America, with support from IADB is promoting the development of digital repositories national systems en the region. Started in 9 countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, México, Perú, Venezuela.


 * LIBER Open Access Working Group
 * Based in Europe.
 * Initial meeting took place at the LIBER Annual Conference in June 2016, as expressed in May 2016 call for members.
 * Focused on "the implementation of open access", with attention to licensing, negotiations, repositories, and policy.
 * Operates under LIBER (Ligue des Bibliothéques Européennes de Recherche - Association of European Research Libraries).
 * List of members here.


 * Liberate Science
 * Focused on eliminating or at least minimizing copyright in research publication.


 * Libraria
 * International member network.
 * Focused on supporting open access in academic publishing.
 * Launched February 2015.


 * LingOA (Linguistics in Open Access)
 * Based in the Netherlands.
 * Committed to the Fair Open Access Principles.
 * Aims to ease negotiation with scholarly publishers in the linguistics field as they transition to open access publishing models.


 * Linked Open Data in Libraries, Archives, and Museums (LODLAM).
 * International network.
 * Focused on promoting linked open in the context of libraries, archives, galleries, and museums.
 * Launched in 2010.


 * Lithuanian Research Library Consortium (LMBA)
 * Focused on OA in Lithuania.


 * LMU Open Science Center
 * Part of Ludwig Maximilian Universität Munich.
 * Founded in 2017.

M

 * Malaysian Open Access Support Group
 * Based at Universiti Sains Malaysia in Penang, Malaysia.
 * Focused on OA advocacy and awareness, including workshops and resources.


 * MathOA (Mathematics in Open Access)
 * A part of the Fair Open Access Alliance.
 * Based in the Netherlands.
 * Committed to the Fair Open Access Principles.
 * Aims to ease negotiation with scholarly publishers when transitioning to OA models of publication through compliance with the Fair Open Access Principles.


 * MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)
 * Based in Basel (Switzerland).
 * Fully Open Access Journals. Advocates green and gold OA worldwide.
 * Also see Institutional Open Access Program (IOAP).


 * Mediterranean Open Access Network (MedOANet)
 * Focused on "coordinating Open Access policies, strategies and structures in six Mediterranean countries: Greece, Italy, France, Spain, Portugal, Turkey."
 * Launched April 5, 2012.
 * The Useful Links page provides links to other organizations throughout the Mediterranean countries and Europe.


 * Metadata 2020
 * "Advocates richer, connected, and reusable, open metadata."
 * Working groups formed in October 2017 to "define metadata challenges, barriers and opportunities" for librarians, platform/tool providers, publishers, researchers, etc.


 * Metamorphosis Foundation
 * Based in Skopje, Macedonia.
 * Launched Digital repositories website as an adaptation of the “Digital Repositories” toolkit published by JISC infoNet.
 * Launched in 1999 ("as part of the e-publishing program of the Foundation Open Society Institute – Macedonia"), and became an independent foundation in 2004.


 * Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva, Biblioteca Electrónica de Ciencia y Tecnología, Argentina
 * Focused on OA in Argentina and Latin America.


 * MIT Open Access Task Force (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
 * Founded in 2016.


 * MIT Society for Open Science (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
 * Student group based out of MIT
 * Raises awareness for open science and knowledge through conferences, meet-ups, hackathons, and talks.

N

 * National Academic Research and Collaborations Information System (NARCIS)
 * Based at the Koninklijke Nederlandse Academie van Wetenschappen (or, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, KNAW) in Amsterdam.
 * Focused on green OA in the Netherlands. Incorporating several earlier programs, including Digital Academic Repositories (DARE) and DAREnet.


 * National Freedom of Information Coalition (NFOIC)
 * US group that lobbies for American "state and local governments and public institutions [to] have laws, policies and procedures to facilitate the public’s access to their records and proceedings."
 * Founded in 1989 as National Freedom of Information Assembly.


 * National Science Communication Institute
 * Based in Seattle, USA
 * Focused on improving science communication


 * National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
 * Supports Open Access Portal.
 * Runs CAS IR grid.
 * Maintains CAS -OAJ Open access journals of CAS.


 * Network of Collaboration Between Europe and Latin America-Caribbean Countries (NECOBELAC)
 * Based at Rome's Istituto Superiore di Sanità.
 * Focused on access to public-health research, including green and gold OA, in Europe and Latin America.
 * Launched in February 2009.


 * Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD)
 * Focused on ETDs (electronic theses and dissertations), including OA for ETDs.

O

 * OA Ísland
 * Participants based largely in Reykjavik.
 * English name = OA Iceland.
 * Focused on advocating for open publishing, and support to the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities.
 * Manages website Opinn Aðgangur á Íslandi (English = Open Access in Iceland), promoting open access and providing Icelandic and international OA resources.
 * Website launch announced on Twitter in September 2012.


 * OAK Law (Open Access to Knowledge) Law Project
 * Based at Queensland University of Technology.
 * Focused on OA in Australia, especially copyright and licensing issues.
 * Created February 21, 2006, and officially launched November 29-30, 2006.


 * Open Academic Society (OAS)
 * Based in U.S.
 * "Open Academic Society is formed by a group of institutions to create a shared, open and expanding knowledge graph of research and education-focused entities and relationships."
 * Organizes events, workshops, challenges, and other activities centered around their freely accessible cloud API knowledge graph.


 * OER Africa
 * OER stands for Open Educational Resources
 * Based in Johannesburg, South Africa.
 * Supports higher education institutions across Africa in the development and use of Open Educational Resources (OER) to enhance teaching and learning.


 * OER Hub
 * OER stands for Open Educational Resources
 * Research to gather evidence to support hypotheses about the benefits of OER
 * Based in the UK in the Institute of Educational Technology at the Open University
 * Started with a grant from the Hewlett Foundation in 2006 to establish the OpenLearn repository


 * OER World Map
 * "Collects and visualizes data on the growing number of actors and activities in the field of open education worldwide."
 * Based in Germany.
 * Launched in 2014.


 * OEP Scotland
 * OEP stands for Opening Educational Practices
 * Based in Scotland.
 * Aims to raise awareness and develop best practices for open access policies regarding educational resources in Scotland.


 * OOO Canada.
 * Based in Canada.
 * Canadian advocacy network focused on open access, open data, and and open education.
 * Launch announced October 2015.


 * Online Learning Consortium (OLC)
 * Based in Newburyport, MA, U.S.
 * Focused on advancing quality online learning by providing professional development, instruction, best practice publications and guidance to educators, online learning professionals and organizations around the world.
 * Launched in 1999.


 * Open Academic Society.
 * Initial contributions from the Microsoft Academic by Microsoft Research and the AMiner graph from Tsinghua University
 * A shared, open and expanding knowledge graph of research and education-focused entities and relationships
 * The data set is available under a freely accessible cloud API, and the society will organize workshops, challenges, and data sharing activities for the benefit of the larger computer science community.


 * Open Access Academy
 * Based in Rome, Italy and Novi Sad, Serbia.
 * Established between 2014 and 2015.
 * Focused on "Providing Resources, Support and Advice for students and early career researchers in their journey from writing to publishing their research papers".


 * OpenAccess.be
 * The national site for OA in Belgium.


 * OpenAccess.dk
 * The national site for OA in Denmark.


 * OpenAccess.gr
 * The national site for OA in Greece.


 * OpenAccess.hk
 * The national site for OA in Hong Kong.


 * Open Access India
 * Founded in 2012.
 * Focused on open access, open data and open education advocacy and developing community-based e-infrastructure.


 * Open Access Nepal
 * A student network to promote open access to scholarly research across Nepal.
 * Launched in 2013.
 * Supported by Right to Research Coalition


 * Open Access Nigeria
 * A student network to promote open access to scholarly research across Nigeria.
 * Launched in 2013
 * Supported by the Right to Research Coalition
 * Find their blog here


 * Open Access South Africa
 * A student network to promote open access to scholarly research across South African universities.
 * Launched in 2014
 * Supported by the Right to Research Coalition


 * OpenAccess.is
 * The national site for OA in Iceland.


 * Open Access Italy
 * The national site for OA in Italy.


 * Open Access Korea
 * The national site for OA in Korea.


 * OpenAccess.nl
 * The national site for OA in the Netherlands.


 * OpenAccess.no
 * The national site for OA in Norway.


 * Open Access Network Austria (OANA)
 * A joint activity by UNIKO and FWF.
 * Focused on developing policy recommendations for open access implementation in Austria, activities of the research institutions, funding organisations and research policies (incl. taking into account international developments; positioning towards the information providers (mainly publishing houses; offering contact persons and source of information for scientists, research institutions and (research-) policies
 * Founded in 2012.


 * Open Access Peru
 * The national site for OA in Peru.


 * OpenAccessPHL
 * Based in Philadelphia.
 * Focused on open government, open data, and civic action.
 * Launched in 2011.


 * Open Access Portal in Armenia
 * Based in Armenia.
 * Focused on developing OA projects and initiatives, and sharing related Armenian events and resources.
 * Maintains Հայաստանի ատենախոսությունների բաց մատչելիության պահոց (Open Access Repository of the Armenian Electronic Theses and Dissertations (Armenian ETD-OA))
 * Earliest initiative dated 2007.


 * Open Access Publisher Processes (OAPP) Group
 * Current group members based in the United Kingdom (UK).
 * Launched in 2015.
 * Focused on supporting OA publishing workflows, operating as a Research Libraries UK (RLUK) working group.


 * Open Access Slovenia
 * The national site for OA in Slovenia.


 * OpenAccess.se
 * The national site for OA in Sweden.


 * Open Access Agreements and Licenses Task Force
 * Initiated and supported by the Confederation of Open Access Repositories (COAR)
 * Monitors, evaluates and promotes the "implementation of effective open access agreements and licenses in order to improve access to research papers globally."


 * Open Access Archaeology - Open Access Archaeology
 * Focused on OA in the field of Archeology.


 * Open Access Coalition
 * Based in a Google Group
 * Focused on "fighting for the open web."


 * Open Access Communication for Science (OACS)
 * Based at the Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration (HANKEN).
 * Focused on research about the growth and consequences of OA.


 * Open Access Implementation Group (OAIG)
 * The closest thing to a national site for OA in the UK, at least at the time of launch.
 * At launch time, the group had representatives from the University of Edinburgh, the University of Salford, Universities UK, Research Libraries UK, the Society of College, National and University Libraries, JISC, the Research Councils UK, the Wellcome Trust, the Association of Research Managers and Administrators UK, and the Public Library of Science.
 * Launched October 28, 2010.


 * Open Access Network Austria Working Groups
 * Formed as a part of OANA
 * Focuses on a wide variety of issues including Open Access policy, financing of Open Access, legal and political frameworks, and publishing models.


 * Open Access Scholarly Information Sourcebook (OASIS)
 * Focused on the practical implementation of OA, worldwide.
 * Editorial Team and Advisory Board


 * Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)
 * Focused on gold OA worldwide.
 * Launched October 14, 2008.


 * Open Access Team for Scotland (OATS)
 * The national site for OA in Scotland.
 * Site last updated in February 2005. Is it defunct?


 * Open Access Toolset Alliance (OATA)
 * Focused on free and open-source tools to support OA.
 * Launched August 9, 2013.


 * Open Access all'Università di Torino (oa.unito.it)
 * Part of University of Turin, Italy.
 * University OA policy began in 2013.
 * In Italian.


 * Open Access Working Group (OAWG)
 * Based in Washington, D.C.
 * A SPARC initiative
 * Focused on OA for publicly-funded research in the US.


 * Open Access Working Group
 * An initiative of the Open Knowledge Network
 * Focused on re-establishing open access according to the Budapest Open Access Initiative


 * Open African Innovation Research and Training (Open AIR)
 * Based in institutions throughout Africa, Canada, India and Europe.
 * Focused on investigating "how intellectual property (IP) regimes can be harnessed in Africa to facilitate innovation through collaboration – and to make processes more participatory, knowledge more accessible, and benefits more widely shared".
 * Launched in 2011.


 * Openforum Academy
 * Openforum Academy is a think tank concerned with OA in computing.
 * Openforum Academy was established by Openforum Europe.


 * Open Access Working Group Ukraine
 * A working group of the Association "Information-Consortium", Ukraine.


 * Open and Distance Learning Association of Australia (ODLAA)
 * International association.
 * Focused on "open and distance learning".
 * ODLAA Constitution first adopted in July 1993.


 * Open Book Alliance (OBA)
 * Based in San Francisco. An offshoot of the Open Content Alliance (below).
 * Focused on OA books worldwide.
 * Launched August 26, 2009.


 * Open Content Alliance (OCA)
 * Based in San Francisco. Also see the Open Book Alliance (above) and Open Knowledge Commons (below).
 * Focused on digitizing and providing OA to books, worldwide.
 * Launched October 3, 2005.


 * Open Cultuur Data (Open Culture Data).
 * Based in the Netherlands.
 * Focused on promoting open data in the context of cultural heritage.
 * Launched in September 2011.
 * Open and Collaborative Science in Development Network (OCSDNET)
 * Focused on gathering observations on whether, and under which conditions, open approaches to research and collaboration could lead to various development outcomes in the Global South.


 * Open Data for Development (OD4D)
 * International network.
 * "Open Data for Development (OD4D) is a global network of leaders in the Open Data community, working together to develop open data solutions around the world." - OD4D, About
 * Launched January 2015.


 * Open Data Foundation (ODaF)
 * Focused on open data, and open standards for metadata, and open-source software for statistical data.
 * Apparently launched in 2006.


 * Open Data Institute
 * Based in London
 * Focused on facilitating the use of open data to create economic, environmental, social, and cultural value.


 * Open Data Watch
 * Based in Washington, D.C.
 * Focused on promoting open data in the context of developing countries.
 * Supports Open Data Inventory (ODIN).


 * Open Development Working Group
 * Part of the Open Knowledge Network
 * A network functioning as a central point of reference and support for people people interested in open knowledge development.


 * Open Education Coalition (OEC), Poland
 * A group of several non-profit organizations working together to promote openness in Poland.


 * Open Education Consortium
 * OEC is a global community of higher education institutions and associated organisations committed to advancing open education and its impact on global education.


 * Open Education Europa
 * “The main goal of the Open Education Europa portal is to offer access to all existing European Open Educational Resources in different languages in order to be able to present them to learners, teachers and researchers.” - Open Education Europa, About This Portal
 * Initiated in September, 2013 by the European Commission.


 * Open Education Group
 * Based at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah.
 * Focused on OER impact and approaches to evaluating OER impact.


 * Open Education Policy Network.
 * "Network of organizations and experts that...support the development and implementation of Open Educational Resources (OER) policies in Europe," especially Czech Republic, Romania, Slovakia.
 * 1st "OER Policy Forum" held in 2016.


 * Open Education Practice Scotland
 * Mission is to share and develop best practices in open education
 * Based in Scotland


 * Open Education Research Hub (OER Hub)
 * Based at Open University's Institute of Educational Technology (IET) located in Milton Keynes, UK.
 * Launched in 2012.
 * Focused on supporting research in the area of Open Educational Resources (OER).


 * Open Education Special Interest Group
 * Seeks to remove barriers to education by freely sharing educational resources and adopting open educational practices
 * Established March 2012
 * Based in the UK


 * Open Education Working Group
 * Part of Open Knowledge International brings people together to promote Open Educational Practices and Open Educational Resources, as well as Open Policies, Open Science and Open Data in education.
 * established to bring together people and groups interested in open education. Its goal is to initiate global cross-sector and cross-domain activity that encompasses the various facets of open education.


 * OpenGLAM
 * GLAM acronym stands for "Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums".
 * Initiative run by the Open Knowledge Foundation
 * Focused on promoting and providing open access to digital cultural heritage held in Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums.
 * Launched in 2013.
 * OpenGLAM Working Group.
 * Based internationally.
 * "The OpenGLAM Working Group is a global network of people who work to open up cultural data and content." - OpenGLAM Working Group.
 * Linked to local branches in Austria, Finland, Germany, and Switzerland.
 * Launch announced July 2013.
 * OpenGLAM CH Working Group
 * Working to "promote and facilitate the adoption of the OpenGLAM Principles in Switzerland".
 * Launched in 2013.
 * Operating under the Opendata.ch Association.


 * Open Humans
 * A nonprofit foundation and has been funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Knight Foundation.
 * Launched in 2015.
 * Dating sharing that gives people control over who has access. It can be private, shared by some, or shared by all.


 * Open Humanities Alliance (OHA)
 * Focused on community-building for the Open Humanities Press.


 * Open Institute
 * Based in Nairobi, Kenya.
 * Launched in 2012.
 * Focused on open government in Africa.


 * OpenJournal
 * International working group, convening online.
 * "Inaugural Meeting" took place on November 11, 2015.
 * Focused on "uniting institutions in universalizing access to open academic publications.".


 * Open Journal Project
 * Based in Melbourne, Australia.
 * An initiative of the Engineers Without Borders (EWB) Institute.
 * A different (?) Open Journal Project closed in 1999.


 * Open Knowledge Commons (OKC)
 * Focused on digitization for OA. A spin-off of the Open Content Alliance (above).
 * Launched September 2008.


 * Open Knowledge El Salvador
 * Part of the Open Knowledge Network
 * Focused on supporting open access in El Salvador


 * Open Knowledge Finland (OKFFI)
 * Based in Helsinki, Finland.
 * "We promote opening and usage of open knowledge and advance development of open society in Finland." - Open Knowledge Finland, About
 * Supports working groups dedicated to Open Government Data, Avoin GLAM [English = Open GLAM], Open Science, Open Sustainability, Open Education, Open Democracy, Open Licenses, My Data, Open API, and Data refinery.
 * Maintains contact with Finnish Open Knowledge regional groups.
 * Founded in 2012.


 * Open Knowledge Foundation (OKFN)
 * Based in Cambridge, England.
 * Working for OA and open data worldwide, especially in the UK.
 * Launched in 2004.
 * 50+ international chapters and local groups operate independently under the Open Knowledge Network.
 * Also see the OKFN Open Science Working Group, which has local groups in Cambridge (Massachusetts), Oxford (England), and Stockholm.
 * Also see the Open Knowledge Foundation Blog (OKF hits the Med – Greek group launched!) OKF-hits-the-med-greek-group-launched


 * Open Knowledge Foundation Deutschland
 * Part of the Open Knowledge Network
 * Focused on promoting open science


 * Open Knowledge Foundation Japan (OKFJ)
 * Based in Tokyo.
 * Established in 2012.
 * Chapter of the Open Knowledge Network, focused on open data.


 * Open Knowledge Macedonia
 * An initiative of the Open Knowledge Network
 * Launched in 2015
 * Focused on strengthening and expanding the open community in Macedonia.


 * Open Knowledge Pakistan
 * An initiative of the Open Knowledge Network
 * Focused on promoting open knowledge through educational events, public policy programmes, and networking activities.


 * Open Knowledge Portugal
 * An initiative of the Open Knowledge Network
 * Launched in 2015
 * Focused on promoting open knowledge through educational events, public policy programmes, and networking activities.


 * Open Knowledge Sweden
 * An initiative of the Open Knowledge Network
 * Launched in 2016
 * Focused on promoting open knowledge through educational events, public policy programmes, and networking activities.


 * Open Knowledge Ukraine
 * An initiative of the Open Knowledge Network
 * Launched 2015
 * Focused on promoting open knowledge through educational events, public policy programmes, and networking activities.


 * Open Library Foundation
 * Not-for-profit organization focused on permanent availability, accessibility and sustainability of OA and open source projects by/for libraries.
 * Launched in 2016.
 * Open source software for personal, commercial, or institutional use available through the Foundation, via Apache v2 license.


 * OpenMed
 * "Opening up Education in South-Mediterranean countries."
 * Founded in October 2015.
 * Headquartered at UNIMED (Mediterranean Universities Union), Rome, Italy.


 * Open MENA
 * OKFN regional community based in the Middle East and North Africa [Open Knowledge Blog].
 * MENA acronym stands for Middle East and North Africa.
 * Dedicated to open governance, data, and knowledge focused in North Africa and the Middle East.
 * Announced February, 2014.


 * Open Nepal (Opennepal.net)
 * "Knowledge hub and a learning space for organisations and people that produce, share and use data for development."
 * Established 6 July 2013.


 * Open Pharma
 * Leading HealthScience communications agency working with pharma to drive fast and transparent medical publishing
 * Started as the Oxford Project
 * Coordinating a group of forward-thinking pharma clients, publishers, patients, academics, regulators, editors, non-pharmaceutical funders and societies to identify the changes that are needed and how they might be achieved.


 * Open Policy Institute
 * Launched 2012.
 * A project of Creative Commons.


 * Open Policy Network (OPN)
 * A project of Creative Commons.
 * Supports the "creation, adoption and implementation of open policies around the world." Works to help maintain "existing policy frameworks" in order to ensure "effective and long-lasting" open policies.
 * Developed in October 2012.


 * Open Professionals Education Network (OPEN)
 * Focused on supporting grant compliance for U.S. Department of Labor "Trade Adjustment Assistance Community College & Career Training (TAACCCT)" funding recipients, with attention to OER, Creative Commons licensing, and accessibility.
 * Participants include, "Creative Commons (CC), the Open Learning Initiative (OLI) at Stanford University and Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Applied Special Technology (CAST) and the Washington State Board for Community & Technical Colleges (SBCTC)".


 * Open Research Data Task Force
 * Coordinating the creation of a "‘roadmap’ for national open research data infrastructure" in the UK
 * Formed after July 2016


 * Open Research Exchange
 * ORE is a hub built by PatientsLikeMe to facilitate collaboration between researchers, clinicians, academics and patients.
 * The goal of ORE is to position patients at the center of the clinical process to develop better collective understanding of diseases and new health outcome measures.


 * Open Research Funders Group (IRFG).
 * A partnership of funding organizations committed to the open sharing of research outputs. This will benefit society by accelerating the pace of discovery, reducing information-sharing gaps, encouraging innovation, and promoting reproducibility.
 * Launched in 2015.


 * Open Rights Group.
 * Based in the UK.
 * Focused on protecting the rights to privacy and free speech online.
 * Launched in 2006.
 * Member organization of European Digital Rights (EDRi).


 * Open Scholarship
 * Based in Edinburgh.
 * Focused on promoting knowledge and and working practices within the University of Edinburgh.
 * Launched in 2012.


 * Open Scholar C.I.C.
 * A not-for-profit Community Interest Company.
 * Based in Birmingham, U.K.
 * Supports the development and promotion of LIBRE (LIBerating REsearch): A "multidisciplinary research platform implementing an innovative evaluation model that we call author-guided open peer review.
 * Founded in 2012.


 * Open Scholar Foundation
 * The organization's aim is to "improve the efficiency of scholarly communication by providing incentives for researchers to openly share their digital research artifacts, including manuscripts, data, protocols, source code, and lab notes."
 * Formed in 2013.


 * Open Scholarship Initiative (OSI)
 * Mission: "to improve the flow of information within research and between researchers, policymakers and the public."
 * Founded in 2014.
 * Headquartered at National Science Communication Institute, Seattle, USA.


 * Open Scholarship Society
 * Based in Liverpool, U.K.
 * Is "a forum for students and early careers researchers to gather, discuss and learn about developments and issues relating to scholarly communications."


 * Open Science ASAP
 * Based in Austria.
 * "Open Science ASAP" stands for "Open Science As A Practice."
 * Provides a framework for sharing projects such as: research, blogs, software, course ideas, development tools.


 * Open Science Bay Area
 * Based in Mountain View, California.
 * Launched September 23, 2010.


 * Open Science Center
 * Fosters the sustainable development of local communities through science and technology.
 * An engaging learning space based on open standards: open architecture, open education, open technology & open science.
 * Designing Open Science Centre for low-income and/or remote communities in the Netherlands and discussing possibilities with partners in Brazil, Mozambique and other countries.


 * Open Science Community Utrecht (OSCU)
 * "Founded as a platform to facilitate Open Science practices within Utrecht University," Netherlands.
 * Runs informal Open Science Café meetings.


 * Open Science Federation (OSF)
 * Focused on the advance of open access, open data, and open science.
 * Launched in 2010.


 * Open Science Framework
 * Part of Center for Open Science
 * Provides digital tools to support researchers throughout their workflow in order to encourage open science practices


 * Open Science in ICM
 * A project of the ICM – Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, the University of Warsaw, Poland.


 * Open Science Policy Platform
 * Based in the EU.
 * Steering group formed 2016.


 * Open Science Russia (Ассоциация «Открытая наука»)
 * Focused on creating a national infrastructure of scientific open knowledge as part of the National Technology Initiative (Национальной технологической инициативы).
 * In Russian.


 * Open Science Working Group
 * Part of the Open Knowledge Network
 * A global network of researchers, librarians, students, policy-makers, data-curators, coders, entrepreneurs, activists and citizens who believe in open science, develop open projects, and foster a growing open community.


 * Open Society Foundations (OSF)
 * Based in New York.
 * Funding OA initiatives, including the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI).


 * Open Source Alliance for Open Scholarship (OSAOS)
 * "Open source, community-led projects working together for open scholarship."


 * Open Source Hardware Association (OSHWA)
 * Runs annual Open Hardware Summit and Open Source Hardware certification.
 * Mission: "to foster technological knowledge and encourage research that is accessible, collaborative and respects user freedom."
 * Based in Boulder, Colorado, USA.


 * Open Steps
 * An online diary and platform based upon the travels of Marguerite Thierry and Alejandro Corbi.
 * Itinerary includes: South-East Europe, Turkey, India, South-East Asia, Japan and South-America.
 * Thierry and Corbi seek to document examples of knowledge sharing in various environments; among collectives, universities, creative spaces, individuals and organizations.
 * The travel project begins June 2013 and can be followed via Thierry and Corbi's Open Steps blog.


 * Opening Scholarship Project
 * Hosted by the Centre for Educational Technology
 * Funded by the Shuttleworth Foundation
 * Based at the University of Cape Town.


 * OpenSciDev
 * Based in Cambridge, UK.
 * Focused on building a research community with a diverse group of stakeholders to help support and enable greater engagement with open science.


 * Open Science Policy Platform
 * Based in EU.
 * Focused on co-designing and co-developing an Open Science Policy Agenda for Europe.
 * Launched September 2016.


 * OSGeo Labs
 * Based internationally through the collaboration of labs worldwide.
 * Provides free and open source GIS (geographic information system) to governments, municipal authorities, and the public in general.
 * Launched September 2011.


 * Open Science and Innovation Research Group
 * Based in Barcelona, Spain.
 * Research group specializing in the study of open science and innovation.


 * Oxford Open Science WIki
 * A Wiki from the OKF that is focused on Oxford and Open Science.
 * Focused on a Working Group formed Science and Oxford Open Science.


 * Open Scotland
 * Work centered in Scotland.
 * Launched in connection to the June 2013 Open Scotland Summit.
 * Focused on open education and open education policy.


 * Open Textbook Network (OTN)
 * Based in Minneapolis, Minnesota at the University of Minnesota, Center of Education and Human Development.
 * "The Open Textbook Network (OTN) promotes access, affordability, and student success through the use of open textbooks."
 * Manages the Open Textbook Library, founded in 2012.
 * Launched in 2015.


 * OpenTox Association
 * Based in Switzerland.
 * Focused on promoting "the community-based exchange and use of open knowledge, software, methods, tools, data, reference resources, and standards in the scientific activities of predictive toxicology, safety assessment and risk management."
 * Launched March 27, 2015.


 * Open Undergrad Research Foundation (OpenURF)
 * Plan to base in the United States indicated in launch announcement.
 * Focused on promoting Open Science in undergraduate education.
 * Announced in July, 2015.


 * OpenUP
 * Based in a number of partner institutions across the E.U.
 * Aims to find a framework for distributing open access information through the creation of an open information hub
 * Launched in 2017.


 * Open Up Resources
 * Based in the U.S.
 * Focused on increasing equity in education by making excellent curricula openly available to school districts.
 * Launched in 2016.


 * OPERAS: Open access in the European research area through scholarly communication
 * Based in a number of partner institutions across the EU.
 * Is a distributed Research Infrastructure (RI) project for open scholarly communication that aims to ensure effective dissemination of European research.
 * Launched in 2017.


 * Open Access Publishing Services (OPuS)
 * Based in the Netherlands.
 * Focused on supporting open access research and data publication [OPuS, About].


 * Öppen tillgång till vetenskapliga publikationer
 * Open access to scientific publications
 * National Library of Sweden


 * ORION Project
 * Based in a number of partner institutions across the E.U.
 * Is a collaborative European project exploring open access policies in life sciences and medical research.
 * Launched 2017.

P

 * Partnership for Open Data, Open Data Institute
 * Based in Cambridge, UK
 * Part of a partnership between the Open Knowledge Foundation, the World Bank, and the Open Data Institute.
 * Focused on educating policy makers and citizens in developing countries about the benefits and uses of open data.
 * Launched in 2012


 * Portale per la Letteratura scientifica Elettronica Italiana su Archivi aperti e Depositi Istituzionali (PLEIADI)
 * Originated from the collaboration between two major Italian university consortia, CASPUR and CILEA, within the framework of the AePIC project.


 * Projekt Nationaler Open Access Kontaktpunkt (OA2020-DE)
 * English: National Open Access Contact Point project.
 * "Commissioned by the Alliance of Science Organisations in Germany."
 * Aims to "create conditions for the large-scale open access transformation."
 * Began in 2017.
 * In German.


 * PsyOA (Psychology in Open Access)
 * Part of FairOA (Fair Open Access).
 * Based in Europe.
 * Aims to use Fair Open Access Principles to increase open access to psychology-related publication.


 * Public Knowledge (PK)
 * Based in Washington, D.C.
 * Focused on user rights in the digital culture, including OA to publicly-funded research in the US.


 * Public Library of Science (PLoS)
 * Based in San Francisco.
 * In addition to publishing OA journals, advocates green and gold OA worldwide.
 * Also see the PLoS advocacy page.


 * Public.Resource.org (PRO)
 * Focused on providing OA to public-domain government information in the US, including the primary sources of US law.
 * Launched in the spring of 2007.


 * Publish What You Fund
 * Based in London, England.
 * Established in 2008.
 * Focused on transparency and information access advocacy in the field of aid.

R

 * Radical Open Access Collective
 * "Community of scholar-led, not-for-profit presses, journals...[promoting] open publishing in the humanities and social sciences."
 * Based in UK.
 * Began in 2015.
 * Formed by Open Humanities Press and others.


 * RCUK Open Access Practitioners Group
 * RCUK stands for Research Councils U.K.
 * Based in U.K.
 * Aims to share best practices, discuss issues, and provide insight into the implementation of open access policy.
 * Launched October 2016


 * RECOLECTA, Spain
 * A joint program of REBIUN/FECYT to promote, support and coordinate the development of the Spanish digital repositories infrastructure for open access, dissemination and preservation of Spanish publicly funded research results.


 * Reclaim the Records
 * Based in U.S.
 * Aims to get archivally important data sets such as genealogical records released back into the public domain.
 * Launched in 2015.


 * Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal (REDALYC)
 * Based in Mexico City at the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México.
 * Focused on OA in and about Ibero-America, including the Caribbean.
 * Launched in 2003.


 * Return on Academic Research (ROARS)
 * Based in Italy
 * Focused on an evidence-based approach to policy discussions in higher education and research.
 * Launched September 2011.


 * Repositories Support Project (RSP)
 * Focused on green OA in the UK. Funded by JISC.


 * Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP)
 * Focused on green OA in Portugal.


 * Research4Life
 * International partnership, supporting programs HINARI, AGORA, OARE, and ARDI.
 * Focused on equity in information access "by providing affordable access to critical scientific research" in developing countries.
 * Launched in 2001.


 * Research Communications Strategy project (RCS)
 * A JISC funded strategic analysis and advocacy initiative in the UK.


 * Research Data Alliance (RDA)
 * Organized through an international steering group funded by agencies in the US, EU and Australia.
 * Focused on aiming "to accelerate and facilitate research data sharing and exchange".
 * Launched in August 2012


 * Research Group Acceso abierto a la ciencia
 * The Research Group's goal is to become a source of information about Open Access and a forum for discussion and sharing experiences.
 * The portal offers tools for authors, providing information about publishers copyright terms and self-archiving policies (Dulcinea), an updated directory of Spanish Institutional Open Access Repositories (BuscaRepositorios) and an International Directory of institutional OA policies (Melibea).


 * Research on Open Educational Resources for Development (ROER4D) project
 * Hosted at University of Cape Town, South Africa.
 * "Aims to provide empirical evidence of OER adoption and impact to improve educational policy, practice, and research in developing countries."
 * Launched 2014.


 * Right to Research Coalition
 * Based in Washington DC, USA.
 * Focused on promoting open access to scholarly and medical research.
 * Encourages student and early-career researcher participation.
 * A division of SPARC
 * Host of OpenCon


 * r0g_agency.
 * Based in Berlin, Germany.
 * Focused on promoting open culture.
 * Launched in 2012.


 * rOpenSci
 * Nonprofit that aims to "make scientific data retrieval reproducible."
 * Founded in 2011.

S

 * Scholarly Commons Working Group: see entry for Force 11.


 * Scholarly Communication in Africa Programme (SCA)
 * Based in Cape Town, South Africa.
 * Focusing on Africa in general, and four institutions in particular: the Universities of Botswana, Cape Town, Mauritius, and Namibia.
 * Launched in September 2010.


 * Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC)
 * Based in Washington, D.C.
 * Focused on OA in North America, especially from universities and public funding agencies.
 * A membership organization of North American research libraries.
 * Launched June 1998.
 * Also see SPARC Europe (launched July 2001) and SPARC Japan (launched December 19, 2006), and SPARC Africa (launched circa January 2016).
 * Also see the Alliance for Taxpayer Access (listed above), which is administered by SPARC.
 * Also see SPARC's Campus Open Access Policies (COAP) project, focused on university OA policies in North America (launched August 5, 2009).
 * Also see SPARC's Connect OER (Open Education Research).
 * Also see SPARC's Create Change project.
 * Also see SPARC's Right to Research Coalition (also here).


 * Sci-GaIA
 * Supported by partners based in Africa and Europe, including Brunel University London as Project Coordinator.
 * Full project title: "Energising Scientific Endeavour through Science Gateways and e-Infrastructures in Africa" - Sci-GaIA, Key Facts
 * "The main aim of the Sci-GaIA Coordination and Support Action is to create a sustainable foundation of educational material and procedures for the development and management of Science Gateways and e-Infrastructures in Africa and beyond to energise scientific endeavour." - Sci-GaIA, Project Activities
 * Maintains the Sci-GaIA Open Access Repository, e-Infrastructure Knowledge Base, the Africa Grid Science Gateway, and online courses.
 * Founded in May 2015 with a set duration of 24 months.


 * Science and Development Network (SciDev.net)
 * Based in London.
 * Focused on OA scientific and technological information for developing countries.
 * Launched in 2001.


 * Science Europe
 * Based in Brussels, Belgium.
 * Works to enable better cooperation between European research organizations and non-European organizations, as well as within European research groups.
 * Launched in October 2011.


 * Science Ouverte Haïti Afrique (Project SOHA)
 * International open science initiative and research project focused in Haiti and French-speaking African countries.
 * Full project title: "La science ouverte comme outil collectif de développement du pouvoir d’agir et de la justice cognitive en Haïti et en Afrique francophone : vers une feuille de route / Open science as a collective tool of empowerment and cognitive justice in Haiti and French-speaking Africa : building the roadmap."
 * Produced open science network, “Réseau interdisciplinaire d'information de d'échanges sur la science ouverte en Haïti et en Afrique francophone (RISOHA)”.
 * Supports online network, le Collectif SOHA.
 * Launched circa 2015.


 * Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO)
 * Based in São Paulo, Brazil.
 * Focused on gold OA in developing countries.
 * Also see SciELO South Africa, launched in 2009.


 * Statewide California Electronic Library Consortium (SCELC)
 * Based in Los Angeles, U.S.
 * Aims to create a collaborative environment where all libraries have the necessary resources and means to deliver information to their researchers, students and faculty.
 * Lauched in 1986.


 * Serwis Otwarta Nauka (CEON) (Centre for Open Science)
 * Based at University of Warsaw Poland
 * Formed as a separate unit within ICM (Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling) to provide tools and advocate for the "OA approach in research."
 * Formed in 2010.
 * Site available in Polish and partially in English.


 * SHERPA Partnership
 * Based at the University of Nottingham. "SHERPA" stands for "Securing a Hybrid Environment for Research Preservation and Access," though the organization is better known by its acronym.
 * A body which has been active in open access research communications since 2002. The partnership now includes over 30 research-led institutions in the UK.
 * Launched in 2002.


 * Southern African Regional Universities' Association (SARUA)
 * Based in Johannesburg.
 * Focused on the interests of universities in Southern Africa, including their interests in OA.
 * In a 2008 report, SARUA recommended that member organizations work for OA.
 * Launched February 20, 2005.


 * Students for Free Culture
 * Focused on advancing free culture, including OA from funding agencies and universities, especially in the US.


 * SURF
 * Based in Amsterdam.
 * SURF is a Dutch higher education and research partnership for information and communication technology. Open Access is one of the programmes.
 * Also see its page on openness.

T

 * The Access Initiative (TAI)
 * Focused on "access to information, participation, and justice in environmental decision-making."
 * Launched in 1999.


 * Towards a Scholarly Commons (scholarlycommons.net)
 * Aims to "reclaim the system of scholarly communication by encouraging investment in open technologies and open content."
 * Began in 2017.

U

 * UK Council of Research Repositories (UKCoRR)
 * Focused on green OA in the UK.
 * Launched May 21, 2007.


 * UK Working Group on Open Access
 * This is not the group's official name. The group doesn't seem to have an official name (yet).
 * Focused on OA for academic research in the UK, especially journal articles, conference proceedings and monographs.
 * Announced September 15, 2011 by UK Science Minister David Willetts.


 * United Academics Foundation (UAF)
 * Located in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
 * Launched in January 2013.
 * Focused on Open Science.
 * Operates the Open Access Library.


 * UUK Open Access Coordination Group
 * Based in London, England.
 * UUK acronym stands for Universities UK.
 * Focused on guiding UK open access initiatives.
 * Organized following Finch report and subsequent November 2013 Finch report publication.

V

 * Verein für freien Wissenszugang
 * Based in Hannover.
 * Focused on free search engines.
 * Re-launched under its current name in 2009.

W

 * Welsh Repository Network (WRN)
 * The Welsh Repository Network is a collaborative venture between the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Wales to establish, develop and populate a network of interoperable institutional repositories.
 * The vision that underpins the network is to facilitate and encourage the sharing of resources across the principality and to maximise the impact of Welsh research across the globe.


 * Whose Knowledge?
 * "Global campaign to center the knowledge of marginalized communities (the majority of the world) on the internet."
 * Launched circa 2016??


 * Why Open Research?
 * Based in Mexico [Twitter, "Why Open Research?"].
 * Information resource focused on exploring open publishing options for researchers.
 * Launched in November, 2015.


 * WorldWideScience Alliance
 * Developed and maintained by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI).
 * Focused on providing a one-stop resource for searching over 100 national and international science databases.
 * Multilingual.

Y

 * Yale University Open Data Access Project (YODA)
 * Based in New Haven, Connecticut.
 * Facilitates "access to patient-level clinical research data" to "ensure that patients and physicians possess all necessary information about a drug or device when making treatment decisions."


 * YERUN (Young European Research Universities Network)
 * As of 2018 supports transition to open science vis-a-vis culture, infrastructure, skills.
 * Based in Brussels.